# Network encryption and authentication with SSL/TLS

By default, all Derby network traffic is unencrypted, with the exception of user names and user passwords which may be encrypted separately (See Network client security). There is also no network layer access control mechanism. For deployment scenarios where these are possible security issues, Derby Network Server supports network security with Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS).

With SSL/TLS, the client/server communication protcol is encrypted and both the client and the server may independently of each other require certificate based authentication of the other part.

It is assumed that the reader is somewhat familiar with SSL, key pairs and certificates. This documentation is also based on the Sun JDK and its `keytool` application.

For the remainder of this section, the term SSL is used for SSL/TLS and the term peer is used for the other part of the communication (The server's peer is the client and vice versa).

SSL for Derby (both for client and for server) operates in three possible modes:

off
  The default, no SSL encryption
basic
  SSL encryption, no peer authentication
peerAuthentication
  SSL encryption and peer authentication

Peer authentication may be set either on the server or on the client or on both. Peer authentication means that the other side of the SSL connection is authenticated based on a trusted certificate installed locally.

Alternatively, a Certification Authority (CA) certificate may be installed locally and the peer has a certificate signed by that authority. How to achieve this is not descibed in this document. Consult your Java environment documentation for details on this.

Attention: If a plaintext client tries to communicate with an SSL server or an SSL client tries to communicate with a plaintext server, the plaintext side of the communication will see the SSL communication as noise and report protocol errors.

- Key and certificate handling
- Starting the server with SSL/TLS
- Running the client with SSL/TLS
- Other server commands

Parent topic: Derby Network Server advanced topics
Related concepts
Network Server security
Related tasks
Running the Network Server under the security manager
Running the Network Server with User Authentication
Configuring the Network Server to handle connections
Controlling logging by using the log file
Controlling tracing by using the trace facility