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    // Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
    // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
    // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
    //
    // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
    // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
    // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
    // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
    // except according to those terms.

    use fmt;
    use hash;
    use io;
    use mem;
    use net::{ntoh, hton, IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
    use option;
    use sys::net::netc as c;
    use sys_common::{FromInner, AsInner, IntoInner};
    use sys_common::net::lookup_host;
    use vec;
    use iter;
    use slice;

    /// An internet socket address, either IPv4 or IPv6.
    ///
    /// Internet socket addresses consist of an [IP address], a 16-bit port number, as well
    /// as possibly some version-dependent additional information. See [`SocketAddrV4`]'s and
    /// [`SocketAddrV6`]'s respective documentation for more details.
    ///
    /// The size of a `SocketAddr` instance may vary depending on the target operating
    /// system.
    ///
    /// [IP address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html
    /// [`SocketAddrV4`]: ../../std/net/struct.SocketAddrV4.html
    /// [`SocketAddrV6`]: ../../std/net/struct.SocketAddrV6.html
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
    ///
    /// let socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:8080".parse(), Ok(socket));
    /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
    /// assert_eq!(socket.is_ipv4(), true);
    /// ```
    #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub enum SocketAddr {
        /// An IPv4 socket address.
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        V4(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] SocketAddrV4),
        /// An IPv6 socket address.
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        V6(#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")] SocketAddrV6),
    }

    /// An IPv4 socket address.
    ///
    /// IPv4 socket addresses consist of an [IPv4 address] and a 16-bit port number, as
    /// stated in [IETF RFC 793].
    ///
    /// See [`SocketAddr`] for a type encompassing both IPv4 and IPv6 socket addresses.
    ///
    /// The size of a `SocketAddrV4` struct may vary depending on the target operating
    /// system.
    ///
    /// [IETF RFC 793]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc793
    /// [IPv4 address]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html
    /// [`SocketAddr`]: ../../std/net/enum.SocketAddr.html
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, SocketAddrV4};
    ///
    /// let socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:8080".parse(), Ok(socket));
    /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1));
    /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
    /// ```
    #[derive(Copy)]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub struct SocketAddrV4 { inner: c::sockaddr_in }

    /// An IPv6 socket address.
    ///
    /// IPv6 socket addresses consist of an [Ipv6 address], a 16-bit port number, as well
    /// as fields containing the traffic class, the flow label, and a scope identifier
    /// (see [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3] for more details).
    ///
    /// See [`SocketAddr`] for a type encompassing both IPv4 and IPv6 socket addresses.
    ///
    /// The size of a `SocketAddrV6` struct may vary depending on the target operating
    /// system.
    ///
    /// [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2553#section-3.3
    /// [IPv6 address]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html
    /// [`SocketAddr`]: ../../std/net/enum.SocketAddr.html
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::net::{Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV6};
    ///
    /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!("[2001:db8::1]:8080".parse(), Ok(socket));
    /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1));
    /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
    /// ```
    #[derive(Copy)]
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub struct SocketAddrV6 { inner: c::sockaddr_in6 }

    impl SocketAddr {
        /// Creates a new socket address from an [IP address] and a port number.
        ///
        /// [IP address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "ip_addr", since = "1.7.0")]
        pub fn new(ip: IpAddr, port: u16) -> SocketAddr {
            match ip {
                IpAddr::V4(a) => SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(a, port)),
                IpAddr::V6(a) => SocketAddr::V6(SocketAddrV6::new(a, port, 0, 0)),
            }
        }

        /// Returns the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "ip_addr", since = "1.7.0")]
        pub fn ip(&self) -> IpAddr {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(ref a) => IpAddr::V4(*a.ip()),
                SocketAddr::V6(ref a) => IpAddr::V6(*a.ip()),
            }
        }

        /// Changes the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        /// socket.set_ip(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 10, 0, 1)));
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 10, 0, 1)));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: IpAddr) {
            // `match (*self, new_ip)` would have us mutate a copy of self only to throw it away.
            match (self, new_ip) {
                (&mut SocketAddr::V4(ref mut a), IpAddr::V4(new_ip)) => a.set_ip(new_ip),
                (&mut SocketAddr::V6(ref mut a), IpAddr::V6(new_ip)) => a.set_ip(new_ip),
                (self_, new_ip) => *self_ = Self::new(new_ip, self_.port()),
            }
        }

        /// Returns the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn port(&self) -> u16 {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(ref a) => a.port(),
                SocketAddr::V6(ref a) => a.port(),
            }
        }

        /// Changes the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        /// socket.set_port(1025);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 1025);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(ref mut a) => a.set_port(new_port),
                SocketAddr::V6(ref mut a) => a.set_port(new_port),
            }
        }

        /// Returns [`true`] if the [IP address] in this `SocketAddr` is an
        /// [IPv4 address], and [`false`] otherwise.
        ///
        /// [`true`]: ../../std/primitive.bool.html
        /// [`false`]: ../../std/primitive.bool.html
        /// [IP address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html
        /// [IPv4 address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html#variant.V4
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let socket = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
        ///     assert_eq!(socket.is_ipv4(), true);
        ///     assert_eq!(socket.is_ipv6(), false);
        /// }
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_checker", since = "1.16.0")]
        pub fn is_ipv4(&self) -> bool {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(_) => true,
                SocketAddr::V6(_) => false,
            }
        }

        /// Returns [`true`] if the [IP address] in this `SocketAddr` is an
        /// [IPv6 address], and [`false`] otherwise.
        ///
        /// [`true`]: ../../std/primitive.bool.html
        /// [`false`]: ../../std/primitive.bool.html
        /// [IP address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html
        /// [IPv6 address]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html#variant.V6
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let socket = SocketAddr::new(
        ///                      IpAddr::V6(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 65535, 0, 1)), 8080);
        ///     assert_eq!(socket.is_ipv4(), false);
        ///     assert_eq!(socket.is_ipv6(), true);
        /// }
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_checker", since = "1.16.0")]
        pub fn is_ipv6(&self) -> bool {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(_) => false,
                SocketAddr::V6(_) => true,
            }
        }
    }

    impl SocketAddrV4 {
        /// Creates a new socket address from an [IPv4 address] and a port number.
        ///
        /// [IPv4 address]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV4, Ipv4Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn new(ip: Ipv4Addr, port: u16) -> SocketAddrV4 {
            SocketAddrV4 {
                inner: c::sockaddr_in {
                    sin_family: c::AF_INET as c::sa_family_t,
                    sin_port: hton(port),
                    sin_addr: *ip.as_inner(),
                    .. unsafe { mem::zeroed() }
                },
            }
        }

        /// Returns the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV4, Ipv4Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn ip(&self) -> &Ipv4Addr {
            unsafe {
                &*(&self.inner.sin_addr as *const c::in_addr as *const Ipv4Addr)
            }
        }

        /// Changes the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV4, Ipv4Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
        /// socket.set_ip(Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1));
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv4Addr::new(192, 168, 0, 1));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: Ipv4Addr) {
            self.inner.sin_addr = *new_ip.as_inner()
        }

        /// Returns the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV4, Ipv4Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn port(&self) -> u16 {
            ntoh(self.inner.sin_port)
        }

        /// Changes the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV4, Ipv4Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 8080);
        /// socket.set_port(4242);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 4242);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
            self.inner.sin_port = hton(new_port);
        }
    }

    impl SocketAddrV6 {
        /// Creates a new socket address from an [IPv6 address], a 16-bit port number,
        /// and the `flowinfo` and `scope_id` fields.
        ///
        /// For more information on the meaning and layout of the `flowinfo` and `scope_id`
        /// parameters, see [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3].
        ///
        /// [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2553#section-3.3
        /// [IPv6 address]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn new(ip: Ipv6Addr, port: u16, flowinfo: u32, scope_id: u32)
                   -> SocketAddrV6 {
            SocketAddrV6 {
                inner: c::sockaddr_in6 {
                    sin6_family: c::AF_INET6 as c::sa_family_t,
                    sin6_port: hton(port),
                    sin6_addr: *ip.as_inner(),
                    sin6_flowinfo: flowinfo,
                    sin6_scope_id: scope_id,
                    .. unsafe { mem::zeroed() }
                },
            }
        }

        /// Returns the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn ip(&self) -> &Ipv6Addr {
            unsafe {
                &*(&self.inner.sin6_addr as *const c::in6_addr as *const Ipv6Addr)
            }
        }

        /// Changes the IP address associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
        /// socket.set_ip(Ipv6Addr::new(76, 45, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ip(), &Ipv6Addr::new(76, 45, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_ip(&mut self, new_ip: Ipv6Addr) {
            self.inner.sin6_addr = *new_ip.as_inner()
        }

        /// Returns the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 8080);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn port(&self) -> u16 {
            ntoh(self.inner.sin6_port)
        }

        /// Changes the port number associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 0);
        /// socket.set_port(4242);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.port(), 4242);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_port(&mut self, new_port: u16) {
            self.inner.sin6_port = hton(new_port);
        }

        /// Returns the flow information associated with this address.
        ///
        /// This information corresponds to the `sin6_flowinfo` field in C's `netinet/in.h`,
        /// as specified in [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3].
        /// It combines information about the flow label and the traffic class as specified
        /// in [IETF RFC 2460], respectively [Section 6] and [Section 7].
        ///
        /// [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2553#section-3.3
        /// [IETF RFC 2460]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460
        /// [Section 6]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460#section-6
        /// [Section 7]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460#section-7
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 10, 0);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.flowinfo(), 10);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn flowinfo(&self) -> u32 {
            self.inner.sin6_flowinfo
        }

        /// Changes the flow information associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// See the [`flowinfo`] method's documentation for more details.
        ///
        /// [`flowinfo`]: #method.flowinfo
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 10, 0);
        /// socket.set_flowinfo(56);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.flowinfo(), 56);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_flowinfo(&mut self, new_flowinfo: u32) {
            self.inner.sin6_flowinfo = new_flowinfo;
        }

        /// Returns the scope ID associated with this address.
        ///
        /// This information corresponds to the `sin6_scope_id` field in C's `netinet/in.h`,
        /// as specified in [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3].
        ///
        /// [IETF RFC 2553, Section 3.3]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2553#section-3.3
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 78);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.scope_id(), 78);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        pub fn scope_id(&self) -> u32 {
            self.inner.sin6_scope_id
        }

        /// Change the scope ID associated with this socket address.
        ///
        /// See the [`scope_id`] method's documentation for more details.
        ///
        /// [`scope_id`]: #method.scope_id
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::net::{SocketAddrV6, Ipv6Addr};
        ///
        /// let mut socket = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1), 8080, 0, 78);
        /// socket.set_scope_id(42);
        /// assert_eq!(socket.scope_id(), 42);
        /// ```
        #[stable(feature = "sockaddr_setters", since = "1.9.0")]
        pub fn set_scope_id(&mut self, new_scope_id: u32) {
            self.inner.sin6_scope_id = new_scope_id;
        }
    }

    impl FromInner<c::sockaddr_in> for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn from_inner(addr: c::sockaddr_in) -> SocketAddrV4 {
            SocketAddrV4 { inner: addr }
        }
    }

    impl FromInner<c::sockaddr_in6> for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn from_inner(addr: c::sockaddr_in6) -> SocketAddrV6 {
            SocketAddrV6 { inner: addr }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "ip_from_ip", since = "1.16.0")]
    impl From<SocketAddrV4> for SocketAddr {
        fn from(sock4: SocketAddrV4) -> SocketAddr {
            SocketAddr::V4(sock4)
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "ip_from_ip", since = "1.16.0")]
    impl From<SocketAddrV6> for SocketAddr {
        fn from(sock6: SocketAddrV6) -> SocketAddr {
            SocketAddr::V6(sock6)
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "addr_from_into_ip", since = "1.17.0")]
    impl<I: Into<IpAddr>> From<(I, u16)> for SocketAddr {
        fn from(pieces: (I, u16)) -> SocketAddr {
            SocketAddr::new(pieces.0.into(), pieces.1)
        }
    }

    impl<'a> IntoInner<(*const c::sockaddr, c::socklen_t)> for &'a SocketAddr {
        fn into_inner(self) -> (*const c::sockaddr, c::socklen_t) {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(ref a) => {
                    (a as *const _ as *const _, mem::size_of_val(a) as c::socklen_t)
                }
                SocketAddr::V6(ref a) => {
                    (a as *const _ as *const _, mem::size_of_val(a) as c::socklen_t)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl fmt::Display for SocketAddr {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            match *self {
                SocketAddr::V4(ref a) => a.fmt(f),
                SocketAddr::V6(ref a) => a.fmt(f),
            }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl fmt::Display for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}:{}", self.ip(), self.port())
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl fmt::Debug for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            fmt::Display::fmt(self, fmt)
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl fmt::Display for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "[{}]:{}", self.ip(), self.port())
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl fmt::Debug for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            fmt::Display::fmt(self, fmt)
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl Clone for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn clone(&self) -> SocketAddrV4 { *self }
    }
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl Clone for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn clone(&self) -> SocketAddrV6 { *self }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl PartialEq for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn eq(&self, other: &SocketAddrV4) -> bool {
            self.inner.sin_port == other.inner.sin_port &&
                self.inner.sin_addr.s_addr == other.inner.sin_addr.s_addr
        }
    }
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl PartialEq for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn eq(&self, other: &SocketAddrV6) -> bool {
            self.inner.sin6_port == other.inner.sin6_port &&
                self.inner.sin6_addr.s6_addr == other.inner.sin6_addr.s6_addr &&
                self.inner.sin6_flowinfo == other.inner.sin6_flowinfo &&
                self.inner.sin6_scope_id == other.inner.sin6_scope_id
        }
    }
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl Eq for SocketAddrV4 {}
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl Eq for SocketAddrV6 {}

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl hash::Hash for SocketAddrV4 {
        fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, s: &mut H) {
            (self.inner.sin_port, self.inner.sin_addr.s_addr).hash(s)
        }
    }
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl hash::Hash for SocketAddrV6 {
        fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, s: &mut H) {
            (self.inner.sin6_port, &self.inner.sin6_addr.s6_addr,
             self.inner.sin6_flowinfo, self.inner.sin6_scope_id).hash(s)
        }
    }

    /// A trait for objects which can be converted or resolved to one or more
    /// [`SocketAddr`] values.
    ///
    /// This trait is used for generic address resolution when constructing network
    /// objects.  By default it is implemented for the following types:
    ///
    ///  * [`SocketAddr`]: [`to_socket_addrs`] is the identity function.
    ///
    ///  * [`SocketAddrV4`], [`SocketAddrV6`], `(`[`IpAddr`]`, `[`u16`]`)`,
    ///    `(`[`Ipv4Addr`]`, `[`u16`]`)`, `(`[`Ipv6Addr`]`, `[`u16`]`)`:
    ///    [`to_socket_addrs`] constructs a [`SocketAddr`] trivially.
    ///
    ///  * `(`[`&str`]`, `[`u16`]`)`: the string should be either a string representation
    ///    of an [`IpAddr`] address as expected by [`FromStr`] implementation or a host
    ///    name.
    ///
    ///  * [`&str`]: the string should be either a string representation of a
    ///    [`SocketAddr`] as expected by its [`FromStr`] implementation or a string like
    ///    `<host_name>:<port>` pair where `<port>` is a [`u16`] value.
    ///
    /// This trait allows constructing network objects like [`TcpStream`] or
    /// [`UdpSocket`] easily with values of various types for the bind/connection
    /// address. It is needed because sometimes one type is more appropriate than
    /// the other: for simple uses a string like `"localhost:12345"` is much nicer
    /// than manual construction of the corresponding [`SocketAddr`], but sometimes
    /// [`SocketAddr`] value is *the* main source of the address, and converting it to
    /// some other type (e.g. a string) just for it to be converted back to
    /// [`SocketAddr`] in constructor methods is pointless.
    ///
    /// Addresses returned by the operating system that are not IP addresses are
    /// silently ignored.
    ///
    /// [`FromStr`]: ../../std/str/trait.FromStr.html
    /// [`IpAddr`]: ../../std/net/enum.IpAddr.html
    /// [`Ipv4Addr`]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv4Addr.html
    /// [`Ipv6Addr`]: ../../std/net/struct.Ipv6Addr.html
    /// [`SocketAddr`]: ../../std/net/enum.SocketAddr.html
    /// [`SocketAddrV4`]: ../../std/net/struct.SocketAddrV4.html
    /// [`SocketAddrV6`]: ../../std/net/struct.SocketAddrV6.html
    /// [`&str`]: ../../std/primitive.str.html
    /// [`TcpStream`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html
    /// [`to_socket_addrs`]: #tymethod.to_socket_addrs
    /// [`UdpSocket`]: ../../std/net/struct.UdpSocket.html
    /// [`u16`]: ../../std/primitive.u16.html
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// Creating a [`SocketAddr`] iterator that yields one item:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::net::{ToSocketAddrs, SocketAddr};
    ///
    /// let addr = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 443));
    /// let mut addrs_iter = addr.to_socket_addrs().unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Some(addr), addrs_iter.next());
    /// assert!(addrs_iter.next().is_none());
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Creating a [`SocketAddr`] iterator from a hostname:
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
    ///
    /// // assuming 'localhost' resolves to 127.0.0.1
    /// let mut addrs_iter = "localhost:443".to_socket_addrs().unwrap();
    /// assert_eq!(addrs_iter.next(), Some(SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 443))));
    /// assert!(addrs_iter.next().is_none());
    ///
    /// // assuming 'foo' does not resolve
    /// assert!("foo:443".to_socket_addrs().is_err());
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Creating a [`SocketAddr`] iterator that yields multiple items:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
    ///
    /// let addr1 = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 80));
    /// let addr2 = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 443));
    /// let addrs = vec![addr1, addr2];
    ///
    /// let mut addrs_iter = (&addrs[..]).to_socket_addrs().unwrap();
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Some(addr1), addrs_iter.next());
    /// assert_eq!(Some(addr2), addrs_iter.next());
    /// assert!(addrs_iter.next().is_none());
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Attempting to create a [`SocketAddr`] iterator from an improperly formatted
    /// socket address `&str` (missing the port):
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::io;
    /// use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
    ///
    /// let err = "127.0.0.1".to_socket_addrs().unwrap_err();
    /// assert_eq!(err.kind(), io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`TcpStream::connect`] is an example of an function that utilizes
    /// `ToSocketAddrs` as a trait bound on its parameter in order to accept
    /// different types:
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// use std::net::{TcpStream, Ipv4Addr};
    ///
    /// let stream = TcpStream::connect(("127.0.0.1", 443));
    /// // or
    /// let stream = TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:443");
    /// // or
    /// let stream = TcpStream::connect((Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 443));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`TcpStream::connect`]: ../../std/net/struct.TcpStream.html#method.connect
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub trait ToSocketAddrs {
        /// Returned iterator over socket addresses which this type may correspond
        /// to.
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        type Iter: Iterator<Item=SocketAddr>;

        /// Converts this object to an iterator of resolved `SocketAddr`s.
        ///
        /// The returned iterator may not actually yield any values depending on the
        /// outcome of any resolution performed.
        ///
        /// Note that this function may block the current thread while resolution is
        /// performed.
        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<Self::Iter>;
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for SocketAddr {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            Ok(Some(*self).into_iter())
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for SocketAddrV4 {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            SocketAddr::V4(*self).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for SocketAddrV6 {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            SocketAddr::V6(*self).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for (IpAddr, u16) {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            let (ip, port) = *self;
            match ip {
                IpAddr::V4(ref a) => (*a, port).to_socket_addrs(),
                IpAddr::V6(ref a) => (*a, port).to_socket_addrs(),
            }
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for (Ipv4Addr, u16) {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            let (ip, port) = *self;
            SocketAddrV4::new(ip, port).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for (Ipv6Addr, u16) {
        type Iter = option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<option::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            let (ip, port) = *self;
            SocketAddrV6::new(ip, port, 0, 0).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    fn resolve_socket_addr(s: &str, p: u16) -> io::Result<vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
        let ips = lookup_host(s)?;
        let v: Vec<_> = ips.map(|mut a| { a.set_port(p); a }).collect();
        Ok(v.into_iter())
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl<'a> ToSocketAddrs for (&'a str, u16) {
        type Iter = vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            let (host, port) = *self;

            // try to parse the host as a regular IP address first
            if let Ok(addr) = host.parse::<Ipv4Addr>() {
                let addr = SocketAddrV4::new(addr, port);
                return Ok(vec![SocketAddr::V4(addr)].into_iter())
            }
            if let Ok(addr) = host.parse::<Ipv6Addr>() {
                let addr = SocketAddrV6::new(addr, port, 0, 0);
                return Ok(vec![SocketAddr::V6(addr)].into_iter())
            }

            resolve_socket_addr(host, port)
        }
    }

    // accepts strings like 'localhost:12345'
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for str {
        type Iter = vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            // try to parse as a regular SocketAddr first
            if let Some(addr) = self.parse().ok() {
                return Ok(vec![addr].into_iter());
            }

            macro_rules! try_opt {
                ($e:expr, $msg:expr) => (
                    match $e {
                        Some(r) => r,
                        None => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
                                                          $msg)),
                    }
                )
            }

            // split the string by ':' and convert the second part to u16
            let mut parts_iter = self.rsplitn(2, ':');
            let port_str = try_opt!(parts_iter.next(), "invalid socket address");
            let host = try_opt!(parts_iter.next(), "invalid socket address");
            let port: u16 = try_opt!(port_str.parse().ok(), "invalid port value");
            resolve_socket_addr(host, port)
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "slice_to_socket_addrs", since = "1.8.0")]
    impl<'a> ToSocketAddrs for &'a [SocketAddr] {
        type Iter = iter::Cloned<slice::Iter<'a, SocketAddr>>;

        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<Self::Iter> {
            Ok(self.iter().cloned())
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    impl<'a, T: ToSocketAddrs + ?Sized> ToSocketAddrs for &'a T {
        type Iter = T::Iter;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<T::Iter> {
            (**self).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    #[stable(feature = "string_to_socket_addrs", since = "1.16.0")]
    impl ToSocketAddrs for String {
        type Iter = vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>;
        fn to_socket_addrs(&self) -> io::Result<vec::IntoIter<SocketAddr>> {
            (&**self).to_socket_addrs()
        }
    }

    #[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "emscripten")))]
    mod tests {
        use net::*;
        use net::test::{tsa, sa6, sa4};

        #[test]
        fn to_socket_addr_ipaddr_u16() {
            let a = Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11);
            let p = 12345;
            let e = SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(a, p));
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![e]), tsa((a, p)));
        }

        #[test]
        fn to_socket_addr_str_u16() {
            let a = sa4(Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11), 24352);
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(("77.88.21.11", 24352)));

            let a = sa6(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 53);
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(("2a02:6b8:0:1::1", 53)));

            let a = sa4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 23924);
            assert!(tsa(("localhost", 23924)).unwrap().contains(&a));
        }

        #[test]
        fn to_socket_addr_str() {
            let a = sa4(Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11), 24352);
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa("77.88.21.11:24352"));

            let a = sa6(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 53);
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa("[2a02:6b8:0:1::1]:53"));

            let a = sa4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1), 23924);
            assert!(tsa("localhost:23924").unwrap().contains(&a));
        }

        #[test]
        fn to_socket_addr_string() {
            let a = sa4(Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11), 24352);
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(&*format!("{}:{}", "77.88.21.11", "24352")));
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(&format!("{}:{}", "77.88.21.11", "24352")));
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(format!("{}:{}", "77.88.21.11", "24352")));

            let s = format!("{}:{}", "77.88.21.11", "24352");
            assert_eq!(Ok(vec![a]), tsa(s));
            // s has been moved into the tsa call
        }

        // FIXME: figure out why this fails on openbsd and bitrig and fix it
        #[test]
        #[cfg(not(any(windows, target_os = "openbsd", target_os = "bitrig")))]
        fn to_socket_addr_str_bad() {
            assert!(tsa("1200::AB00:1234::2552:7777:1313:34300").is_err());
        }

        #[test]
        fn set_ip() {
            fn ip4(low: u8) -> Ipv4Addr { Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, low) }
            fn ip6(low: u16) -> Ipv6Addr { Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, low) }

            let mut v4 = SocketAddrV4::new(ip4(11), 80);
            assert_eq!(v4.ip(), &ip4(11));
            v4.set_ip(ip4(12));
            assert_eq!(v4.ip(), &ip4(12));

            let mut addr = SocketAddr::V4(v4);
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V4(ip4(12)));
            addr.set_ip(IpAddr::V4(ip4(13)));
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V4(ip4(13)));
            addr.set_ip(IpAddr::V6(ip6(14)));
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V6(ip6(14)));

            let mut v6 = SocketAddrV6::new(ip6(1), 80, 0, 0);
            assert_eq!(v6.ip(), &ip6(1));
            v6.set_ip(ip6(2));
            assert_eq!(v6.ip(), &ip6(2));

            let mut addr = SocketAddr::V6(v6);
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V6(ip6(2)));
            addr.set_ip(IpAddr::V6(ip6(3)));
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V6(ip6(3)));
            addr.set_ip(IpAddr::V4(ip4(4)));
            assert_eq!(addr.ip(), IpAddr::V4(ip4(4)));
        }

        #[test]
        fn set_port() {
            let mut v4 = SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11), 80);
            assert_eq!(v4.port(), 80);
            v4.set_port(443);
            assert_eq!(v4.port(), 443);

            let mut addr = SocketAddr::V4(v4);
            assert_eq!(addr.port(), 443);
            addr.set_port(8080);
            assert_eq!(addr.port(), 8080);

            let mut v6 = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 80, 0, 0);
            assert_eq!(v6.port(), 80);
            v6.set_port(443);
            assert_eq!(v6.port(), 443);

            let mut addr = SocketAddr::V6(v6);
            assert_eq!(addr.port(), 443);
            addr.set_port(8080);
            assert_eq!(addr.port(), 8080);
        }

        #[test]
        fn set_flowinfo() {
            let mut v6 = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 80, 10, 0);
            assert_eq!(v6.flowinfo(), 10);
            v6.set_flowinfo(20);
            assert_eq!(v6.flowinfo(), 20);
        }

        #[test]
        fn set_scope_id() {
            let mut v6 = SocketAddrV6::new(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 80, 0, 10);
            assert_eq!(v6.scope_id(), 10);
            v6.set_scope_id(20);
            assert_eq!(v6.scope_id(), 20);
        }

        #[test]
        fn is_v4() {
            let v4 = SocketAddr::V4(SocketAddrV4::new(Ipv4Addr::new(77, 88, 21, 11), 80));
            assert!(v4.is_ipv4());
            assert!(!v4.is_ipv6());
        }

        #[test]
        fn is_v6() {
            let v6 = SocketAddr::V6(SocketAddrV6::new(
                    Ipv6Addr::new(0x2a02, 0x6b8, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1), 80, 10, 0));
            assert!(!v6.is_ipv4());
            assert!(v6.is_ipv6());
        }
    }

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