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     __________________________________________________________________

GNU Mailman - List Member Manual

   Terri Oda

   terri(at)zone12.com

   Release 2.1
   January 11, 2020

                                  Front Matter

  Abstract:

   This document describes the list member interface for GNU Mailman 2.1.
   It contains instructions for subscribing, unsubscribing, viewing the
   archives, editing user options, getting password reminders, and other
   subscriber-level tasks. It also answers some common questions of
   interest to Mailman list members.

Contents

     *
          + 1 Introduction
               o 1.1 Acknowledgements
               o 1.2 What is a mailing list?
               o 1.3 GNU Mailman
          + 2 Translating from our examples to real lists
          + 3 Mailman's interfaces
               o 3.1 The web interface
               o 3.2 The email interface
          + 4 I need to talk to a human!
          + 5 Subscribing and unsubscribing
               o 5.1 How do I join a list? (subscribe)
               o 5.2 How do I leave a list? (unsubscribe)
          + 6 Passwords
               o 6.1 How do I get my password?
               o 6.2 How do I change my password?
               o 6.3 How do I turn password reminders on or off?
                 (reminders option)
          + 7 Changing mail delivery
               o 7.1 How do I turn mail delivery on or off? (delivery
                 option)
               o 7.2 How can I avoid getting duplicate messages?
                 (duplicates option)
               o 7.3 How do I change my subscription address?
               o 7.4 How do I stop or start getting copies of my own
                 posts? (myposts option)
               o 7.5 How can I get Mailman to tell me when my post has
                 been received by the list? (ack option)
               o 7.6 I don't seem to be getting mail from the lists. What
                 should I do?
          + 8 Digests
               o 8.1 How can I start or stop getting the list posts
                 grouped into one big email? (digest option)
               o 8.2 What are MIME and Plain Text Digests? How do I change
                 which one I get? (digest option)
          + 9 Mailing list topics
               o 9.1 How do I make sure that my post has the right topic?
               o 9.2 How do I subscribe to all or only some topics on a
                 list?
               o 9.3 How do I get or avoid getting messages with no topic
                 set?
          + 10 Setting other options
               o 10.1 Change Globally? Set Globally? What does that mean?
               o 10.2 How do I change my name as Mailman knows it?
               o 10.3 How do I set my preferred language?
               o 10.4 How do I avoid having my name appear on the
                 subscribers list? (the hide option)
          + 11 Other common questions
               o 11.1 How do I view the list archives?
               o 11.2 What does Mailman do to help protect me from
                 unsolicited bulk email (spam)?
          + 1 Email commands quick reference
          + 2 Member options quick reference

                                 1 Introduction

   This document is intended to help the members of a Mailman 2.1 mailing
   list learn to use the features available to them. It covers the use of
   the web and email interfaces for subscribing and unsubscribing,
   changing member options, getting password reminders and other
   subscriber-level tasks. It also answers some common questions of
   interest to Mailman list members.

   Information for list and site administrators is provided in other
   documents.

   This document need not be read in order. If you are simply looking for
   an answer to a specific question, jump to the appropriate place and
   references to other sections will be provided if necessary or
   potentially helpful.

   Note: For the purposes of this document, we assume that the reader is
   familiar with common terms related to email (eg: Subject line, body of
   the message) and web sites (eg: drop-down box, button) or can look them
   up. We also assume that the reader can already use his or her email
   program and web browser well enough that instructions such as "send
   email to this address" or "visit this web page" or "fill in the form
   provided" are clear. If you are not familiar with these actions, you
   may want to consult other documentation to learn how to do these things
   with your particular setup.

1.1 Acknowledgements

   Sections of this document have been borrowed from the List
   Administrator Manual found in Mailman CVS, which was written by Barry
   A. Warsaw, and from the in-line help for Mailman 2.1.

   The rest of this manual has been written by Terri Oda. Terri has been
   maintaining mailing lists since the year she attained voting age in
   Canada, although the two are not related. She currently oversees the
   mailing lists at Linuxchix.org, as well as several smaller servers. In
   the world outside of list administration, Terri is doing work with an
   artificial life spam detector, and is actually more of a programmer
   than technical writer.

   Proofreading thanks go to Margaret McCarthy and Jason Walton.

1.2 What is a mailing list?

   A mailing list is simply a list of addresses to which the same
   information is being sent. If you were a magazine publisher, you would
   have a list of the mailing addresses of all the subscribers to the
   magazine. In the case of an electronic mailing list, we use a list of
   email addresses from people interested in hearing about or discussing a
   given topic.

   Two common types of email mailing lists are announcement lists and
   discussion lists.

   Announcement lists are are used so that one person or group can send
   announcements to a group of people, much like a magazine publisher's
   mailing list is used to send out magazines. For example, a band may use
   a mailing list to let their fan base know about their upcoming
   concerts.

   A discussion list is used to allow a group of people to discuss topics
   amongst themselves, with everyone able to send mail to the list and
   have it distributed to everyone in the group. This discussion may also
   be moderated, so only selected posts are sent on to the group as a
   whole, or only certain people are allowed to send to the group. For
   example, a group of model plane enthusiasts might use a mailing list to
   share tips about model construction and flying.

   Some common terms:
     * A "post" typically denotes a message sent to a mailing list. (Think
       of posting a message on a bulletin board.)
     * People who are part of an electronic mailing list are usually
       called the list's "members" or "subscribers."
     * "List administrators" are the people in charge of maintaining that
       one list. Lists may have one or more administrators.
     * A list may also have people in charge of reading posts and deciding
       if they should be sent on to all subscribers. These people are
       called list moderators.
     * Often more than one electronic mailing list will be run using the
       same piece of software. The person who maintains the software which
       runs the lists is called the "site administrator." Often the site
       administrator also administrates individual lists.

1.3 GNU Mailman

   GNU Mailman is software that lets you manage electronic mailing lists.
   It supports a wide range of mailing list types, such as general
   discussion lists and announce-only lists. Mailman has extensive
   features which make it good for list subscribers, such as easy
   subscription and unsubscription, privacy options, and the ability to
   temporarily stop getting posts from the list. The list member features
   are covered in this document.

   Mailman also has many features which make it attractive to list and
   site administrators. These features are covered in the list and site
   administrator manuals.

                 2 Translating from our examples to real lists

   Often, it's easier to simply give an example than explain exactly how
   to find the address for your specific list. As such, we'll frequently
   give examples for a fictional list called LISTNAME@DOMAIN whose list
   information page can be found at
   http://WEBSERVER/mailman/listinfo/LISTNAME.

   Neither of these are real addresses, but they show the form of a
   typical list address. The capital letters used for the list-specific
   parts of each address should make it easier to see what should be
   changed for each list. Although specific list configurations may be
   different, you will probably be able to just replace the words given in
   capital letters with the appropriate values for a real list:

   LISTNAME
          The name of your list.

   DOMAIN
          The name of the mail server which handles that list.

   WEBSERVER
          The name of the web server which handles the list web interface.
          This may be the same as DOMAIN, and often refers to the same
          machine, but does not have to be identical.

   As a real-life example, if you are interested in the mailman-users
   list, you'd make the following substitutions: LISTNAME=mailman-users,
   DOMAIN=python.org, WEBSERVER=mail.python.org. As such, for the
   mailman-users@python.org mailing list, the list information page can be
   found at the URL http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/mailman-users.
   (These, unlike most of the examples given in this document, are real
   addresses.)

   Most lists will have this information stored in the List-*: headers.
   Many mail programs will hide these by default, so you may have to
   choose to view full headers before you can see these informational
   headers.

                             3 Mailman's interfaces

   Mailman has two different interfaces for the list subscriber: the web
   interface and the email interface. Most discussion list subscribers use
   the email interface, since this includes the email address you use to
   send mail to all the subscribers of that list.

   The interface you use for changing options is largely a matter of
   preference, since most (but not all) of the options which can be
   changed from the web interface can also be changed by email. Usually it
   is easier to use the web interface for changing options, since the web
   interface provides instructions as you go, but there are times when
   people may prefer the email interface, so both are provided.

3.1 The web interface

   The web interface of Mailman is its selling point for many
   administrators, since it makes it much easier for subscribers and
   administrators to see which options are available, and what these
   options do.

   Every mailing list is also accessible by a number of web pages. Note
   that the exact URLs are configurable by the site administrator, so they
   may be different than what's described below. We'll describe the most
   common configuration, but check with your site administrator or hosting
   service for details.

   List information (listinfo) page

          + Usually found at http://WEBSERVER/mailman/listinfo/LISTNAME
            (for example,
            http://lists.example.com/mailman/listinfo/mylist)
          + The listinfo page is the starting point for the subscriber
            interface. As one would assume from the name it's given, it
            contains information about the LISTNAME list. Usually all the
            other subscriber pages can be accessed from this point, so you
            really only need to know this one address.

   Member options page

          + Usually found at
            http://WEBSERVER/mailman/options/LISTNAME/EMAIL (For example,
            http://lists.example.com/mailman/options/mylist/kathy@here.com
            )
          + This page can also be accessed by going to the listinfo page
            and entering your email address into the box beside the button
            marked "Unsubscribe or Edit Options" (this is near the bottom
            of the page).
          + The member options page allows you to log in/out and change
            your list settings, as well as unsubscribe or get a copy of
            your password mailed to you.
          + To log in to your member options page: If you are not already
            logged in, there will be a box near the top for you to enter
            your password. (If you do not know your password, see
            Section 6.1 for more information on getting your password.)
            Enter your password in the box and press the button.
          + Once you are logged in, you will be able to view and change
            all your list settings.

   List Archives

          + Usually found at http://WEBSERVER/pipermail/LISTNAME if the
            list is publicly archived, and
            http://WEBSERVER/mailman/private/LISTNAME if the list is
            privately archives. (For example,
            http://lists.example.com/pipermail/mylist or
            http://lists.example.com/mailman/private/mylist)
          + The list archive pages have copies of the posts sent to the
            mailing list, usually grouped by month. In each monthly group,
            the posts are usually indexed by author, date, thread, and
            subject.
          + Note: Pipermail is the name of the default archiver that comes
            with Mailman. Other archive programs are available.
          + If the archive is private, you will need to supply your
            subscribed email address and your password to log in. (See
            Section 6.1 for more information on getting your password.)

3.2 The email interface

   Every mailing list has a set of email addresses to which messages can
   be sent. There's always one address for posting messages to the list,
   one address to which bounces are sent, and addresses for processing
   email commands. For a fictional mailing list called mylist@example.com,
   you'd find these addresses:

     * mylist@example.com - this is the email address people should use
       for new postings to the list.
     * mylist-join@example.com - by sending a message to this address, a
       new member can request subscription to the list. Both the Subject:
       header and body of such a message are ignored. Note that
       mylist-subscribe@example.com is an alias for the -join address.
     * mylist-leave@example.com - by sending a message to this address, a
       member can request unsubscription from the list. As with the -join
       address, the Subject: header and body of the message is ignored.
       Note that mylist-unsubscribe@example.com is an alias for the -leave
       address.
     * mylist-owner@example.com - This address reaches the list owner and
       list moderators directly. This is the address you use if you need
       to contact the person or people in charge.
     * mylist-request@example.com - This address reaches a mail robot
       which processes email commands that can be used to set member
       subscription options, as well as process other commands. A list of
       members' email commands is provided in Appendix A.
     * mylist-bounces@example.com - This address receives bounces from
       members whose addresses have become either temporarily or
       permanently inactive. The -bounces address is also a mail robot
       that processes bounces and automatically disables or removes
       members as configured in the bounce processing settings. Any bounce
       messages that are either unrecognized, or do not seem to contain
       member addresses, are forwarded to the list administrators.
     * mylist-confirm@example.com - This address is another email robot,
       which processes confirmation messages for subscription and
       unsubscription requests.

   There's also an -admin address which also reaches the list
   administrators, but this address only exists for compatibility with
   older versions of Mailman.

   For changing options, we use the LISTNAME-request address (for example,
   mylist-request@example.com).

   Commands can appear in the subject line or the body of the message.
   Each command should be on a separate line. If your mail program
   automatically appends a signature to your messages, you may want to put
   the word "end" (without the quotes) on a separate line after your other
   commands. The end command tells Mailman not to process the email after
   that point.

   The most important command is probably the "help" command, since it
   makes Mailman return a message full of useful information about the
   email commands and directions to the web interface.

   Quick references to the subscriber commands have been provided in
   Appendices A and B. (These have been slightly adapted from the output
   of the help command.)

                          4 I need to talk to a human!

   If you have any trouble with any of these commands, you can always
   reach the person or people in charge of a list by using the list
   administrator email address. The list administrators can help you
   figure out how to do something, subscribe/unsubscribe you, or change
   your settings if you are unable to change them yourself for some
   reason. Please remember that many mailing list administrators are
   volunteers who are donating their spare time to run the list, and they
   may be very busy people.

   This list administrator email address is in the form
   LISTNAME-owner@DOMAIN, where LISTNAME is the name of the list (eg:
   mailman-users) and DOMAIN is the name of the server (eg: python.org).
   This email address, along with the email addresses of specific
   administrators, is given on the bottom of the list information pages.
   See Section 3.1 for more information on finding the list information
   page for your list

                        5 Subscribing and unsubscribing

   Since subscribing (joining) and unsubscribing (leaving) lists are often
   the only things a list member needs to know, these can both be done
   without requiring you to know a password.

5.1 How do I join a list? (subscribe)

   There are two common ways you can subscribe to a Mailman mailing list.

   Using the web interface:
    1. Go to the list information page for the list you want to join.
       (This will probably be something like
       http://WEBSERVER/mailman/listinfo/LISTNAME)
    2. Look for the section marked "Subscribing to LISTNAME" and fill in
       the boxes. You can fill in the following:
          + You must enter your email address.
          + You may choose to supply your real name.
          + You may choose a password. If you do not choose one, Mailman
            will generate one for you.
            Warning: Do NOT use a valuable password, since this password
            may be mailed to you in plain text.
          + If the list supports more than one language, you may be able
            to choose your preferred language. Note: This setting does not
            affect posts to the list, only pre-prepared Mailman texts such
            as your member options page.
    3. Press the subscribe button. A new page should appear telling you
       that your request has been sent.

   Using the email interface:
    1. Open a mail program which sends mail from the address you want to
       subscribe.
    2. Send a mail to the list subscription address, which will be in the
       form LISTNAME-join@DOMAIN. The subject and body of the message will
       be ignored, so it doesn't matter what you put there.

   After following one of these sets of instructions (you don't need to do
   both!), there are a few possible outcomes depending upon the settings
   for that list.
     * You may receive an email message asking for confirmation that you
       really want to be subscribed to the list. This is to prevent anyone
       from subscribing you to lists without your permission. Follow the
       instructions given in the message to confirm your wish to be
       subscribed.
     * A moderator may also need to confirm your subscription if you are
       subscribing to a limited list.
     * Or you may have to wait for a moderator and follow the instructions
       in the confirmation mail.

   Once this is done, you will likely receive another message welcoming
   you to the list. This message contains some useful information
   including your list password and some quick links for changing your
   options, so you may want to save it for later reference.

   Note: Subscribing can be done in other ways as well. See Appendix A for
   more advanced email subscribing commands.

5.2 How do I leave a list? (unsubscribe)

   Don't want to be on a list any more? If you're just going on vacation
   or are too busy to read mails and want to temporarily turn them off,
   you may want to stop mail delivery rather than unsubscribing. This
   means you keep your password and other settings so you can, for
   example, still have access to private list archives. If this is what
   you'd prefer, see Section 7.1 for instructions on disabling mail
   delivery temporarily.

   If you actually want to leave the list, there are two common ways you
   can unsubscribe from a Mailman mailing list.

   Using the web interface:
    1. Go to the list information page for the list you want to leave.
       (This will probably be something like
       http://WEBSERVER/mailman/listinfo/LISTNAME)
    2. Look for the section marked "LISTNAME subscribers" (usually found
       near the bottom of the page).
    3. There should be a button marked "Unsubscribe or Edit Options."
       Enter your email address in the box beside this button and press
       the button.
    4. You should be brought to a new page which has an "Unsubscribe"
       button. Press it to unsubscribe and follow the instructions given.

   Using the email interface:
    1. Open a mail program which sends mail from the address you want to
       unsubscribe.
    2. Send a mail to the list unsubscribe address, which will be of the
       form LISTNAME-leave@DOMAIN. The subject and body of this message
       will be ignored, so it doesn't matter what you put there.

   After following one of these sets of instructions (you don't need to do
   both!), you will be sent a confirmation mail and must follow the
   instructions given in that mail to complete the unsubscription. This is
   to stop people from unsubscribing you without your permission. In
   addition, a moderator may need to approve your unsubscription.

   If you do not receive this confirmation mail with instructions, make
   sure that you typed your email address correctly (if you were using the
   web interface to unsubscribe) and that the address you tried to
   unsubscribe is, indeed, actually subscribed to that list. For security
   reasons, Mailman generates the same member options page regardless of
   whether the address entered is subscribed or not. This means that
   people cannot use this part of the web interface to find out if someone
   is subscribed to the list, but it also means that it's hard to tell if
   you just made a typo.

   Once your unsubscription has been processed, you will will probably
   receive another message confirming your unsubscription from the list,
   and at that point you should stop receiving messages.

   If you wish to skip the confirmation process (for example, you might be
   unsubscribing an address which no longer works), it is possible to
   bypass it by using your password instead and either logging in to your
   options page using it (See Section 3.1), or sending it with your email
   commands to LISTNAME-request (See Appendix A for advanced email
   unsubscription commands). See Section 6.1 for more information on
   getting your password.

                                  6 Passwords

   Your password was either set by you or generated by Mailman when you
   subscribed. You probably got a copy of it in a welcome message sent
   when you joined the list, and you may also receive a reminder of it
   every month. It is used to verify your identity to Mailman so that only
   the holder of the password (you!) and the administrators can view and
   change your settings.

   Warning: Do NOT use a valuable password for Mailman, since it can be
   sent in plain text to you.

6.1 How do I get my password?

   If you've forgotten your password and haven't saved the welcome message
   or any reminder messages, you can always get a reminder through the web
   interface:

    1. Go to the list information page for the list from which you wish to
       get your password (This will probably be something like
       http://WEBSERVER/mailman/listinfo/LISTNAME)
    2. Look for the section marked "LISTNAME subscribers" (this section is
       usually found near the bottom of the page).
    3. There should be a button marked "Unsubscribe or Edit Options."
       Enter your email address in the box beside this button and press
       the button.
    4. You should be brought to a new page which has an "Password
       Reminder" section. Press the "Remind" button to have your password
       emailed to you.

   If you do not receive the password reminder email after doing this,
   make sure that you typed your email address correctly and that the
   address you used is, indeed, actually subscribed to that list. For
   security reasons, Mailman generates the same member options page
   regardless of whether the address entered is subscribed or not. This
   means that people cannot use this part of the web interface to find out
   if someone is subscribed to the list, but it also means that it's hard
   to tell if you just made a typo.

   You can also get a reminder using the email interface,
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command password
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
       If you are not sending mail from your subscribed address, you can
       also specify this address by sending the command password address=
       $<$ ADDRESS $>$ .

6.2 How do I change my password?

   Warning: Do NOT use a valuable password, since this password may be
   mailed to you in plain text.

   From the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for
       instructions on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the password changing boxes on the right-hand side of the
       page and enter your new password in the appropriate boxes, then
       press the button marked "Change My Password."

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   From the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command password
       $<$ OLDPASSWORD $>$   $<$ NEWPASSWORD $>$ .
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
       If you are not sending mail from your membership address, you can
       also specify this address with address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ after $<$
       NEWPASSWORD $>$ .
       For example, if kathy@here.com wanted to change her mylist password
       from zirc to miko, but she was sending mail from her work address
       kathy@work.com, she could send a message to
       mylist-request@example.com with the subject set to
       password zirc miko address=kathy@here.com.

6.3 How do I turn password reminders on or off? (reminders option)

   If you don't wish to the reminder email including your password every
   month, you can disable it from the member options page. (You can always
   get the password mailed out when you actually want it. See Section 6.1
   for instructions.)

   Using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for
       instructions on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Get password reminder email for this
       list?" and change the value accordingly.

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   Using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set reminders on or set reminders off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "on" to receive reminders, and "off" to stop receiving
       reminders.

                            7 Changing mail delivery

7.1 How do I turn mail delivery on or off? (delivery option)

   You may wish to temporarily stop getting messages from the list without
   having to unsubscribe. If you disable mail delivery, you will no longer
   receive messages, but will still be a subscriber and will retain your
   password and other settings.

   This can be handy in a many different cases. For example, you could be
   going on vacation or need a break from the list because you're too busy
   to read any extra mail. Many mailing lists also allow only subscribers
   to post to the list, so if you commonly send mail from more than one
   address (eg, one address for at home and another for when you're
   travelling), you may want to have more than one subscribed account, but
   have only one of them actually receive mail. You can also use this as a
   way to read private archives even on a list which may be too busy for
   you to have sent directly to your mailbox. All you need to do is
   subscribe, disable mail delivery, and use your password and email to
   log in to the archives.

   To disable/enable mail delivery using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your options page. (See Section 3.1 for instructions.)
    2. Go down to the section marked "Mail delivery" and select "Disabled"
       to stop receiving mail, and "Enabled" to start receiving mail.

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   To disable/enable mail delivery using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set delivery off or set delivery on.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "off" to stop receiving posts, and "on" to start
       receiving them again.

7.2 How can I avoid getting duplicate messages? (duplicates option)

   Mailman can't completely stop you from getting duplicate messages, but
   it can help. One common reason people get multiple copies of a mail is
   that the sender has used a "group reply" function to send mail to both
   the list and some number of individuals. If you want to avoid getting
   these messages, Mailman can be set to check and see if you are in the
   To: or CC: lines of the message. If your address appears there, then
   Mailman can be told not to deliver another copy to you.

   To turn this on or off using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Scroll down to the bottom of the page to the section marked "Avoid
       duplicate copies of messages?" and change the value accordingly.

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   To turn this on or off using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set duplicates on or set duplicates off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "on" to receive list copies of messages already sent to
       you, set it to "off" to avoid receiving these duplicates.

7.3 How do I change my subscription address?

   To change your subscription address,
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. In the section marked "Changing your LISTNAME membership
       information," enter your new address.
    3. If you wish to change your address for all subscriptions using the
       old address, select the "Change globally" box. If you have
       subscriptions under another address or for lists on a different
       domain, these will have to be done separately. See Section 10.1 for
       more information about changing settings globally.

   There is no special way to do this from the email interface, but you
   can subscribe and unsubscribe for more or less the same effect. (See
   Sections 5.1 and 5.2 for more information on subscribing and
   unsubscribing.)

7.4 How do I stop or start getting copies of my own posts? (myposts option)

   By default in Mailman, you get a copy of every post you send to the
   list. Some people like this since it lets them know when the post has
   gone through and means they have a copy of their own words with the
   rest of a discussion, but others don't want to bother downloading
   copies of their own posts.

   Note: This option has no effect if you are receiving digests.

   You may also want to see Section 7.5, which discusses acknowledgement
   emails for posts sent to the list.

   To set this using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Receive your own posts to the list?"
       Set it to "Yes" to receive copies of your own posts, and "No" to
       avoid receiving them.

   To set this using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set myposts on or set myposts off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "on" to receive copies of your own posts, and "off" to
       avoid receiving them.

7.5 How can I get Mailman to tell me when my post has been received by the list?
(ack option)

   On most lists, you will simply receive a copy of your mail when it has
   gone through the list software, but if this is disabled (See
   Section 7.4), your list mail delivery is disabled (See Section 7.1),
   you are not subscribed to that topic (See Section 9.2) or you simply
   want an extra acknowledgement from the system, this option may be
   useful to you.

   Note: If you are not subscribed to the list, this option cannot be
   used. You must either check the archives yourself (if the list has
   public archives), ask someone who is subscribed to the list, or
   subscribe to use this option.

   To set this using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Receive acknowledgement mail when you
       send mail to the list?" Set it to "Yes" to receive a mail letting
       you know your post has been received, and "No" to avoid receiving
       such an acknowledgement.

   To set this using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command set ack on
       or set ack off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "on" if you wish to receive mail letting you know your
       post has been received, and "off" to avoid receiving such an
       acknowledgement.

7.6 I don't seem to be getting mail from the lists. What should I do?

   There are a few common reasons for this:
     * No one has sent any mail to the list(s) you're on for a little
       while.
       To check if this is the case, try visiting the archives of the list
       (assuming that the list has archives). If the list has no archives,
       you may have to ask another subscriber. (See Section 3.1 for help
       in finding the list archives.)
       Note: Generally, it is considered impolite to send test messages to
       the entire list. If you feel a need to test that the list is
       working and for some reason you cannot simply compose a regular
       message to the list, it is less disruptive to send a help message
       to the list request address (LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN) to see if
       that works, or to contact the list administrator
       (LISTNAME-owner@DOMAIN) to ask if the list is working.
     * You were bouncing mail and have had mail delivery (temporarily)
       disabled by the list software.
       If your mail provider "bounces" too many messages (that is, it
       tells Mailman that the message could not be delivered) Mailman
       eventually stops trying to send you mail. This feature allows
       Mailman to gracefully handle addresses which no longer exist (for
       example, the subscriber has found a new internet service provider
       and forgot to unsubscribe the old address), as well as addresses
       which are temporarily out-of-service (for example, the subscriber
       has used up all of the allotted space for his or her email account,
       or the subscriber's mail provider is experiencing difficulties).
       Even if you are unaware of any difficulties with your mail
       provider, it is a good idea to check this. Some popular webmail
       providers and internet servers are not as reliable as one might
       assume, nor is the internet as a whole. You may want to also send
       yourself a test message from another account or ask a friend to
       send you a test message to make sure your subscribed address is
       working.
       To check if this may be the reason you are not receiving messages,
       log in to the your options page (See Section 3.1 for more details
       on how to do this) and look at your options. There should be one
       marked "Mail Delivery" - if it is set to "Disabled," set it to
       "Enabled" to start receiving mail again. (For more instructions on
       disabling or enabling mail delivery, see Section 7.1.)
       Note: Even if you have not been disabled at the time you check, you
       could be bouncing messages and not have reached the threshold for
       your subscription to be disabled. You may need to check again.
     * There is a delay or break in the networks between you and the list
       server.
       No matter what many of us would like, the internet is not 100%
       reliable, nor is it always fast. Sometimes, messages simply take a
       long time to get to you. Try to be patient, especially if the
       server is far (in terms of networks, not geography, although often
       one implies the other) from your internet service provider.
       To check if this might be causing your problem, you can try pinging
       the list server or tracing the route between you and it.
       (Instructions on how to do this varies from platform to platform,
       so you may want to use a search engine to find those appropriate
       for you.)
     * The Mailman installation on the list server is not functioning or
       not functioning properly.
       To test if this is a case, try visiting the list's web interface
       and try sending a message to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the
       command "help" (without the quotes) in the Subject:. If neither of
       these works after a reasonable length of time, this may be the
       problem. You may wish to contact either the list or site
       administrator(s).

                                   8 Digests

8.1 How can I start or stop getting the list posts grouped into one big email?
(digest option)

   Groups of posts are called "digests" in Mailman. Rather than get
   messages one at a time, you can get messages grouped together. On a
   moderately busy list, this typically means you get one email per day,
   although it may be more or less frequent depending upon the list.

   You may also want to look at Section 8.2 which discusses MIME and plain
   text digests.

   To turn digest mode on or off using the web interface,
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Set Digest Mode."
       Set it to "On" to receive messages bundled together in digests. Set
       it to "Off" to receive posts separately.

   To turn digest mode on or off using the email interface,
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set digest plain or set digest mime or set digest off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "off" if you wish to receive individual posts separately,
       and to "plain" or "mime" to receive posts grouped into one large
       mail. See Section 8.2 for more information on plain versus MIME
       digests.

8.2 What are MIME and Plain Text Digests? How do I change which one I get?
(digest option)

   MIME is short for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. It is used to
   send things by email which are not necessarily simple plain text. (For
   example, MIME would be used if you were sending a picture of your dog
   to a friend.)

   A MIME digest has each message as an attachment inside the message,
   along with a summary table of contents.

   A plain text digest is a simpler form of digest, which should be
   readable even in mail readers which don't support MIME. The messages
   are simply put one after the other into one large text message.

   Most modern mail programs do support MIME, so you only need to choose
   plain text digests if you are having trouble reading the MIME ones.

   Note: This option has no effect if you are not receiving mail bunched
   as digests. (See Section 8.1 for more information on receiving mail as
   digests.)

   To set your digest type using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Get MIME or Plain Text Digests?."
       Set it to "MIME" to receive digests in MIME format, or "Plain text"
       to receive digests in plain text format.

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   To set your digest type using the email interface,
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command
       set digest plain or set digest mime.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "plain" to get posts bundled into a plain text digest, or
       "mime" to get posts bundled together into a MIME digest.

                             9 Mailing list topics

   Some lists are set up so that different topics are handled by Mailman.
   For example, the courses list on Linuxchix.org is a discussion list for
   courses being run by linuxchix members, and often there are several
   courses being run at the same time. (eg: Networking for beginners, C
   programming, LaTeX document mark up.) Each of the courses being run is
   a separate topic on the list so that people can choose only to receive
   the course they want to take.

   These topics must be configured by the list administrator, but it is
   the responsibility of each poster to make sure that their post is put
   with the correct topic. Usually, this means adding a tag of some type
   to the subject line (eg: [Networking] What type of cables do I need?)
   or making sure the Keywords: line has the right information. (By
   default, you can put a Keywords: section in the beginning of the body
   of your message, but this can be configured by your list
   administrator.) Note that these tags are case-insensitive.

9.1 How do I make sure that my post has the right topic?

   When a list administrator defines a topic, he or she sets three things:
     * a topic name
     * a regular expression (regexp)
     * a description

   You can view this information by logging in to your member options
   page. (See Section 3.1 for more details on how to do this.) and
   clicking on the "details" link for any topic that interests you.

   To post on a given topic, you need to make sure that the Keywords: or
   Subject: headers in a message match the regular expression for that
   topic. Regular expressions can actually be fairly complex, so you may
   want to just ask the list administrator if you don't know how to make
   heads or tails of the expression given.

   Most Mailman topic expressions will be fairly simple regular
   expressions, so in this document we will simply give you some common
   examples. Regular expressions are a bit too complex to teach in a few
   lines here, so if you really want to understand how the regular
   expressions work, you should find a tutorial or reference elsewhere.
   (For example, DevShed has a decent tutorial at
   http://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/Administration/RegExp/)

   Here are some examples of possible regular expressions and matching
   lines:

Regular expression                        Matching lines
zuff               Keywords: zuff
zuff               Keywords: ZUFF
zuff               Keywords: Zuff
zuff               Keywords: amaryllis, zuff, applesauce
zuff               Subject: [zuff] Do you have the right stuff for zuff?
zuff               Subject: Do you have the right stuff for zuff?
zuff               Subject: What is zuff?
\[zuff\]           Keywords: [zuff]
\[zuff\]           Subject: [zuff] Do you have the right stuff?
\[zuff\]           Subject: Online zuff tutorials (was Re: [zuff] What is zuff?)

   A few notes:
     * The matching is case-insensitive, so if zuff matches, so will ZUFF,
       zuFF, and any other variations in capitalization.
     * Some characters have special meaning in a regular expression, so to
       match those characters specifically, they must be "escaped" with a
       backslash (\). As you can see in the above example, [ and ] are
       such characters. (Others include ".", "?", and "*"). The backslash
       is also used for other things (I wasn't kidding about regular
       expressions being complex: consult other documentation for details
       about other uses of the backslash character), but this is the most
       likely use in a topic expression.

9.2 How do I subscribe to all or only some topics on a list?

   If topics have been set up by your mailing list administrator, you can
   choose to subscribe to only part of a list by selecting the topics you
   want to receive.

   If you wish to get all messages sent to the list, make sure you are not
   subscribed to any topics.

    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Which topic categories would you like
       to subscribe to?"
       If any topics are defined, you can select those you wish. If you do
       not select any topics of interest, you will receive all posts sent
       to the list.

   You probably also want to look at Section 9.3 which discusses changing
   your settings for messages where no topic is set.

9.3 How do I get or avoid getting messages with no topic set?

   If you wish to get all messages sent to the list, make sure you are not
   subscribed to any specific topic. (See Section 9.2.)

   If you are only subscribed to some topics, you can either choose to
   either receive or not receive messages with no topic set, much the way
   you can choose to subscribe only to certain topics.

   To change this setting,
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. Look for the section marked "Do you want to receive message that do
       not match any topic filter?"
       If you wish to receive messages with no topic set, select "Yes." If
       you do not wish to receive such messages, choose "No."

   This setting has no effect if you are not subscribed to any topics.

                            10 Setting other options

10.1 Change Globally? Set Globally? What does that mean?

   For some of the options given in your member options page, there is a
   tick-box which says "Change Globally" or "Set Globally." This means
   that if you change this option, you can also have the change made for
   all your other list subscriptions with the same address to lists on the
   same domain. This can be handy if, for example, you want to make sure
   all your passwords are the same, or you are going on vacation and want
   to turn off mail delivery from all the lists.

10.2 How do I change my name as Mailman knows it?

   To change your subscription name,
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for more
       details on how to do this.)
    2. In the section marked "Changing your LISTNAME membership
       information," enter your new name in the appropriate box.

   This can also be changed for multiple lists at the same time if you are
   subscribed to more than one list on the same domain. See Section 10.1
   for information about changing settings globally.

   Note: You do not need to have a subscription name set.

10.3 How do I set my preferred language?

   Mailman is available with many different languages. (For a complete
   listing see http://wiki.list.org/display/DEV/Languages.) This means
   that, if your list has other languages enabled, you may be able to have
   the web interface, etc. in a language of your choice.

   Note: This does NOT necessarily mean that all the posts sent to the
   list will be in the language you selected. Only the pre-prepared texts
   presented by Mailman will be affected by this setting. Posts are in
   whatever language the poster uses.

   Your preferred language is set when you subscribe (see Section5.1), and
   can be changed later if the list supports more than one language.

   To change your preferred language in Mailman,
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for
       instructions on how to do this.)
    2. Go to the section marked "What language do you prefer?" and choose
       the appropriate language from the drop-down list. If there is no
       drop-down list of languages, the list you are on probably only
       supports one language.

   If your list does not support the language you would prefer to use, you
   may contact the list administrator (LISTNAME-owner@DOMAIN) to see if it
   can be added, but remember that this may mean some work that the list
   and/or site administrator(s) do not have time or the ability to do.

   If your language of choice is not available because no translation
   exists for Mailman, please consider volunteering your time as a
   translator. For more information you may want to consult the
   mailman-i18n mailing list at
   http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/mailman-i18n. (i18n is a common
   short-hand for "internationalization" because the word starts with an
   i, ends with an n, and has 18 letters in between. If you mumble a bit,
   i18n even sounds a bit like "internationalization.")

10.4 How do I avoid having my name appear on the subscribers list? (the hide
option)

   If you do not want to have your email address show up on the subscriber
   list for any reason, you can opt to have it concealed.

   Common reasons for doing this include avoiding unsolicited bulk email
   (spam). By default, the subscribers list is obscured to hinder spam
   harvesters, but if you feel this is insufficient it's easy enough to
   remove address from the subscriber list given in the information pages
   or by email request. (Note that this does not conceal your address from
   the list administrators.) You may wish to see Section 11.2 for more
   information on what Mailman can do to help avoid spam.

   To change this setting using the web interface:
    1. Log in to your member options page. (See Section 3.1 for
       instructions on how to do this.)
    2. Go to the section marked "Conceal yourself from subscriber list?"
       and choose "Yes" to hide your name from the list, or "No" to allow
       your name to appear on the list.

   To change this setting using the email interface:
    1. Send a mail to LISTNAME-request@DOMAIN with the command set hide on
       or set hide off.
       Commands can appear in either the body or the subject of the
       message. (See Section 3.2 for more information about sending mail
       commands.)
    2. Set it to "on" to conceal your email address from the membership
       list, or "off" to stop concealing your address.

                           11 Other common questions

11.1 How do I view the list archives?

   If the list has archives, they can be viewed by going to a web page
   address. This address usually linked from the list information page and
   can be found in the List-Archive: of every list message unless your
   list administrator has disabled these headers. (Many mail programs hide
   the List-Archive: mail header, so you may have to tell your mail
   program to allow you to view full headers before you will be able to
   see it.)

   Public archives usually have addresses of the form
   http://WEBSERVER/pipermail/LISTNAME/ and private archives usually have
   addresses of the form http://WEBSERVER/mailman/private/LISTNAME.

   See Section 3.1 for more information on finding the addresses of a
   list.

11.2 What does Mailman do to help protect me from unsolicited bulk email (spam)?

   A technical list's archives may include answers to a range of different
   questions. Often, the people who have posted these answers would be
   happy to help someone who doesn't quite understand the answer, and
   don't mind giving their address out for that purpose. But although it
   would be wonderful if everyone could contact each other easily, we also
   want to make sure that the list and list archives are not abused by
   people who send spam.

   To make a range of options available to list administrators, Mailman
   allows a variety of configurations to help protect email addresses.
   Many of these settings are optional to the list administrator, so your
   particular list may be set up in many ways. List administrators must
   walk a fine line between protecting subscribers and making it difficult
   for people to get in touch.

     * Subscriber lists
          + The list administrator can choose to have the subscriber list
            public, viewable only to list members, or viewable only to
            list administrators.
          + The subscriber list is shown with the addresses obscured to
            make it difficult for spam harvesters to collect your address.
          + You can choose to have your address hidden from the subscriber
            list. (See Section 10.4 for more information.)
          + Note: The entire subscriber list is always available to the
            list administrators.
     * List archives
          + The list administrator can choose for the archives to be
            public, viewable only to members (private), or completely
            unavailable.
          + The HTML archives which are created by Pipermail (the
            archiving program which comes default with Mailman) contain
            only obscured addresses. Other archiving programs are
            available and can do different levels of obfuscation to make
            addresses less readable.
          + If you wish to be more sure, you can set the mail header
            X-no-archive: and Mailman will not archive your posts.
            Warning: This does not stop other members from quoting your
            posts, possibly even including your email address.
     * Limited posting to the lists
          + The list administrator can choose who can post to the list.
            Most lists are either moderated (a moderator or administrator
            reviews each posting), set so only subscribers may post to the
            list, or allow anyone to post to the list.
          + By allowing only subscribers to post to a list, Mailman often
            blocks all spam and some viruses from being sent through the
            list. As such, this is a fairly common setting used by list
            administrators.
     * Anonymous lists
          + Lists can also be made fully anonymous: all identifying
            information about the sender is stripped from the header
            before the message is sent on.
          + This is not typically used for anti-spam measures (it has
            other uses), but it could be used in that way if desired.

   Of course, many address-obscuring methods can be circumvented by
   determined people, so be aware that the protections used may not be
   enough.

                        1 Email commands quick reference

     * confirm $<$ CONFIRMATION-STRING $>$
          + Confirm an action. The confirmation-string is required and
            should be supplied within a mailback confirmation notice.
     * end
          + Stop processing commands. Use this if your mail program
            automatically adds a signature file.
     * help
          + Receive a copy of the help message.
     * info
          + Get information about this mailing list.
     * lists
          + See a list of the public mailing lists on this GNU Mailman
            server.
     * password [ $<$ OLDPASSWORD $>$ $<$ NEWPASSWORD $>$ ] [address= $<$
       ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + Retrieve or change your password. With no arguments, this
            returns your current password. With arguments $<$ OLDPASSWORD
            $>$ and $<$ NEWPASSWORD $>$ you can change your password.
     * set ...
          + Set or view your membership options.
            Use `set help' (without the quotes) to get a more detailed
            list of the options you can change. This list is also given in
            Appendix B.
            Use `set show' (without the quotes) to view your current
            option settings.
     * subscribe [ $<$ PASSWORD $>$ ] [digest|nodigest] [address= $<$
       ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + Subscribe to this mailing list. Your password must be given to
            unsubscribe or change your options, but if you omit the
            password, one will be generated for you. You may be
            periodically reminded of your password.
            The next argument may be either: `nodigest' or `digest' (no
            quotes!). If you wish to subscribe an address other than the
            address you sent this request from, you may specify `address=
            $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ' (no brackets around the email address, and
            no quotes!)
     * unsubscribe [ $<$ PASSWORD $>$ ] [address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + Unsubscribe from the mailing list. If given, your password
            must match your current password. If omitted, a confirmation
            email will be sent to the unsubscribing address. If you wish
            to unsubscribe an address other than the address you sent this
            request from, you may specify `address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ' (no
            brackets around the email address, and no quotes!)
     * who [ $<$ PASSWORD $>$ ] [address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + See everyone who is on this mailing list. The roster is
            limited to list members only, and you must supply your
            membership password to retrieve it. If you're posting from an
            address other than your membership address, specify your
            membership address with `address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ' (no
            brackets around the email address, and no quotes!)

                        2 Member options quick reference

     * set help
          + Show this detailed help.
     * set show [address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + View your current option settings. If you're posting from an
            address other than your membership address, specify your
            membership address with `address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ' (no
            brackets around the email address, and no quotes!).
     * set authenticate $<$ PASSWORD $>$ [address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ]
          + To set any of your options, you must include this command
            first, along with your membership password. If you're posting
            from an address other than your membership address, specify
            your membership address with `address= $<$ ADDRESS $>$ ' (no
            brackets around the email address, and no quotes!).
     * set ack on
       set ack off
          + When the `ack' option is turned on, you will receive an
            acknowledgement message whenever you post a message to the
            list.
     * set digest plain
       set digest mime
       set digest off
          + When the `digest' option is turned off, you will receive
            postings immediately when they are posted. Use `set digest
            plain' if instead you want to receive postings bundled into a
            plain text digest (i.e. RFC 1153 digest). Use `set digest
            mime' if instead you want to receive postings bundled together
            into a MIME digest.
     * set delivery on
       set delivery off
          + Turn delivery on or off. This does not unsubscribe you, but
            instead tells Mailman not to deliver messages to you for now.
            This is useful if you're going on vacation. Be sure to use
            `set delivery on' when you return from vacation!
     * set myposts on
       set myposts off
          + Use `set myposts off' to avoid receiving copies of messages
            you post to the list. This has no effect if you're receiving
            digests.
     * set hide on
       set hide off
          + Use `set hide on' to conceal your email address when people
            request the membership list.
     * set duplicates on
       set duplicates off
          + Use `set duplicates off' if you want Mailman not to send you
            messages if your address is explicitly mentioned in the To: or
            Cc: fields of the message. This can reduce the number of
            duplicate postings you will receive.
     * set reminders on
       set reminders off
          + Use `set reminders off' if you want to disable the monthly
            password reminder for this mailing list.

                            About this document ...

   GNU Mailman - List Member Manual, January 11, 2020, Release 2.1

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